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The core sealing of a gate valve relies on the tight fit between its wedge or parallel disc and the valve seats. In theory, when the disc is fully lowered, it should block the fluid passage. However, in practice, solid particles in the fluid (such as sediment, welding slag, or scale) can easily become trapped between the disc and the seat sealing surfaces. Even very small particles can prevent the disc from fully seating, leaving microscopic gaps on the sealing surface and causing leakage. This phenomenon is particularly common in pipelines with unclean fluids.

The core function of a control valve is to precisely regulate process parameters such as fluid flow rate, pressure, level, or temperature within a pipeline. It achieves this by altering the size of the internal flow passage cross-sectional area. Imagine a water faucet on a pipe: opening it wider increases the water flow, while closing it reduces the flow. A control valve operates similarly, but its control is far more precise and is typically operated remotely by an automated system.

Ductile iron pipe, with its high strength, high toughness, excellent pressure and impact resistance, good corrosion resistance (combined with standard protective coatings), reliable sealing, long service life, and outstanding seismic performance, has become an indispensable "artery" in modern urban and industrial infrastructure. It primarily serves critical areas such as water supply, drainage, fire protection, industrial fluid conveyance, and hydraulic engineering. It is a fundamental material ensuring public safety, effective water resource utilization, and the normal functioning of cities.

In industrial production and infrastructure construction, carbon steel pipes have become the core carrier for the transportation of liquids, gases and other media with their high strength and wide adaptability. Their performance stability and cost advantages make them occupy an irreplaceable position in many fields and are important basic materials to support industrial operations and engineering construction. ​

PVC-M pipe, fully termed Modified Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe for Impact Resistance, represents an advanced evolution of traditional PVC-U (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) piping. Its core breakthrough lies in polymer toughening technology, which introduces elastomer particles (such as chlorinated polyethylene CPE or acrylic copolymer ACR) into the PVC matrix to form a "sea-island" composite structure. This modification enhances impact strength by 3-5 times and increases elongation at break by over 50% compared to PVC-U, fundamentally addressing the inherent brittleness and susceptibility to sudden fracture in conventional PVC-U pipes.

The Y-type strainer stands as the most widely used mechanical filtration device in industrial piping systems, its name derived from the distinctive Y-shaped configuration of its housing. Its core function is to intercept solid particulate impurities within fluids (such as rust, welding slag, pipe scale, or process residues) through an internal strainer screen, thereby protecting downstream equipment (pumps, valves, flow meters, heat exchangers, etc.) from wear or blockage. The operating principle involves: fluid entering the strainer housing via the inlet, flowing through an angled cylindrical screen where contaminants are trapped on the inner surface, while clean fluid passes through the mesh openings to the outlet. Accumulated debris can be removed by manually or automatically opening the drain valve at the bottom.