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Sewage pipes are the silent backbone of every modern city, responsible for transporting wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial zones to treatment facilities. These pipes form an essential part of the underground infrastructure that keeps urban environments hygienic and operational. Without an efficient sewage system, cities would face serious health risks, flooding, and environmental degradation.

A pipe flange adapter is a critical connector used in piping systems to join flanged equipment or pipelines with different end connections. Instead of relying on welding or threading alone, flange adapters provide a versatile interface that allows secure fastening, disassembly, and maintenance. They are commonly installed in applications where durability, leak resistance, and easy installation are required.

Choosing the right water valve type depends on the application needs, including: primary function (on/off, throttling, backflow prevention), required flow rate (full port valves have low resistance), operating pressure and temperature, fluid type (clean water, wastewater, chemicals), frequency of operation, space constraints, and cost.

The self-anchored ductile iron pipe adopts a special mechanical design to weld the ring to the socket end to achieve reliable anchoring performance, while retaining the flexibility of the joint, with good flexural performance, which can replace the function of the constraint block and realize the design without constraint blocks.

Hydraulic control valves are automated valves that precisely regulate fluid dynamics through hydraulic actuation. These valves operate on the principle of using liquid pressure (typically water or oil) to drive an actuator, which controls spool displacement to adjust flow rate, pressure, or direction of the medium within a pipeline. Integrating a pilot control mechanism, main valve body, and hydraulic circuit, hydraulic control valves feature self-feedback and dynamic response capabilities. These valves perform remote/automated fluid management in complex systems, serving as critical control components in industrial automation.

The classification of ductile iron pipes first depends on their joint connection types, which directly determine installation methods and engineering adaptability. The most common flexible push-on joints (such as Tyton joints) utilize compressed rubber gaskets to achieve self-sealing, allowing post-installation angular deflection (typically 3-5 degrees) to accommodate ground settlement or thermal movement. Another type, mechanical joints (like K-type or Fastite joints), employ bolted gland rings to compress wedge-shaped gaskets, providing higher sealing integrity suitable for pump station valve connections requiring frequent maintenance. Flanged joints feature steel flanges cast or welded to pipe ends, creating rigid connections via high-strength bolts, specifically designed to withstand high-pressure thrust or interface with industrial equipment.