The structure of flexible couplings

   The core of a flexible coupling is a rubber elastic body composed of multiple material layers, typically shaped as a sphere (single or double sphere) or in a corrugated/bellows form.The innermost layer is the inner rubber layer (inner lining). This layer is in direct contact with the medium flowing inside the pipe. Therefore, the rubber material (such as EPDM, Nitrile rubber/NBR, etc.) must be selected based on the medium's characteristics (like corrosiveness and temperature) to ensure corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and sealing.

   Outside the inner rubber layer lies the crucial reinforcement layer (carcass/skeleton layer). This layer is formed from multiple plies of high-strength nylon or polyester cord fabric, arranged in a cross-ply pattern and embedded within the rubber. Its primary function is to withstand the internal pressure of the pipeline, limit radial expansion, and distribute stress evenly.

   The outermost layer of the elastic body is the outer rubber layer (cover). Exposed to the environment, this layer requires rubber material chosen for its resistance to weathering, ozone, and aging to protect the internal structure.

At both ends of the coupling are the end connection structures (such as flanges, loose flanges, threaded ends, or clamp connections). Embedded within the rubber at these end connection areas are high-strength steel wire rings (reinforcement rings). These rings ensure the coupling is securely attached to the pipe flanges, preventing pull-out or detachment under pressure or displacement forces.

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